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Doctors In Business Journal: Your Source for Business Insights and Academic Material to help drive your success.
Joby Aviation’s All-Electric Air Taxi: Ordering a Flight From Your Phone Is No Longer Science Fiction
The future of transportation is no longer confined to roads. With the emergence of electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, or eVTOLs, companies are racing to bring urban air mobility into everyday life. At the forefront of this transformation is Joby Aviation, a California-based innovator developing an all-electric air taxi that could fundamentally change how people move through cities. What makes Joby’s vision particularly compelling is not just the aircraft itself,
Gary Blankfeid, Ph.D.
4 days ago6 min read
Money Can Buy Happiness: What New Research Reveals About Income and Well-Being
For decades, the phrase “money can’t buy happiness” has been repeated as a kind of universal truth. It has appeared in books, speeches, and everyday conversations, often used to suggest that emotional fulfillment lies beyond material wealth. But recent research is challenging that assumption in a meaningful way. The latest findings indicate that money can, in fact, make you happier—and not just in small or limited ways. What makes this research particularly compelling is its
Dr. Bruce Moynihan, Ph.D. in Business Administration
4 days ago6 min read
Fintech and Banking: How Digital Innovation Is Redefining the Financial System
The financial system has always evolved alongside technology, but few periods have seen change as rapid or as consequential as the current era. Fintech and banking, once viewed as separate worlds, are now deeply intertwined. Traditional banks that dominated global finance for centuries are being reshaped by software-driven innovators, while fintech companies increasingly resemble banks in everything but name. This convergence is redefining how money moves, how credit is alloc
Dr. Bruce Moynihan, Ph.D. in Business Administration
Feb 57 min read
The Smart Entrepreneur’s Guide to Using Credit Cards to Fuel Business Growth
For modern entrepreneurs, credit cards are no longer just a payment tool. They have evolved into one of the most flexible and powerful financial instruments available to small business owners. When used strategically, credit cards can help entrepreneurs manage cash flow, smooth out revenue volatility, earn valuable rewards, and even fund growth without giving up equity. In an environment where access to traditional financing can be slow or restrictive, credit cards often beco
Dr. Bruce Moynihan, Ph.D. in Business Administration
Feb 57 min read
Artificial Intelligence and the Changing Nature of New Ventures: Introducing the Virgen Framework for AI-Driven Entrepreneurship
The Virgen Framework: A framework for launching and operating a large company with a small team or a single founder by exploiting artificial intelligence (AI) at scale. The Virgen Framework is an organizational and strategic framework introduced in 2026 by Miguel Virgen that explains how large scale enterprises can be launched, managed, and scaled by a very small team, or a single founder through the systematic exploitation of artificial intelligence (AI) at scale. The fr
From Resources to Sustainable Advantage: A Deep Examination of the VRIO Framework in Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship
Strategic management scholarship has long been concerned with explaining why some firms consistently outperform others despite operating in similar industries and environments. While early strategy research emphasized industry structure and competitive positioning, subsequent scholarship shifted attention toward the internal characteristics of firms as the primary drivers of sustained performance differences. The VRIO framework (value, rarity, imitability and organization), h
Agile and Scrum as Adaptive Frameworks for Managing Complexity in Innovation and Entrepreneurship
The Agile and Scrum framework represents a fundamental shift in how organizations conceive, plan, and execute complex work. Emerging initially within software development, Agile challenged traditional, plan-driven project management approaches that assumed stable requirements and predictable outcomes. Software Development based on Scrum Agile in a distributed development environment plays a pivotal role in the software industry by facilitating software development across geog
Explanation of the OKR (Objectives and Key Results) Framework in Strategic Performance Management
One of the most persistent problems in management theory and practice is the gap between strategic intent and day-to-day execution. Businesses need to develop new performance measurement systems to help solve complex issues. One such measurement system is objectives and key results (OKRs), which has been adopted by Google with great success ( Rompho, 2024). Organizations often articulate compelling visions yet struggle to convert them into coordinated action across teams and
Joby Aviation’s All-Electric Air Taxi: Ordering a Flight From Your Phone Is No Longer Science Fiction
The future of transportation is no longer confined to roads. With the emergence of electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, or eVTOLs, companies are racing to bring urban air mobility into everyday life. At the forefront of this transformation is Joby Aviation, a California-based innovator developing an all-electric air taxi that could fundamentally change how people move through cities. What makes Joby’s vision particularly compelling is not just the aircraft itself,
Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Business Growth: How Belief, Capability, and Action Drive Sustainable Entrepreneurial Success
In the last decade, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to promote entrepreneurial opportunities has grown, providing a strong platform for digitally enabled entrepreneurship. AI is advancing the progress of entrepreneurship by redefining and reshaping business and strategy and is a key element in enabling competitiveness and the ability of entrepreneurs to navigate uncertain environments ( Olan, et al., 2024). Entrepreneurship is often discussed in terms of ideas, fundin
What Factors Make Startups Successful? Strategic, Financial, and Human Drivers of High-Performing Startups
In the last decade, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to promote entrepreneurial opportunities has grown, providing a strong platform for digitally enabled entrepreneurship. AI is advancing the progress of entrepreneurship by redefining and reshaping business and strategy and is a key element in enabling competitiveness and the ability of entrepreneurs to navigate uncertain environments ( Olan, et al., 2024). Startup success is often portrayed as the result of a breakth
Entrepreneurial Strategy and Business Performance: How Vision, Execution, and Strategic Discipline Shape Long-Term Value Creation
Entrepreneurship is often romanticized as the triumph of bold ideas and visionary founders. Yet history shows that ideas alone rarely produce lasting success. What separates high-performing entrepreneurial firms from those that stagnate or fail is not inspiration, but strategy. Entrepreneurial strategy provides the connective tissue between opportunity and outcome. It translates uncertainty into structured action and ambition into measurable business performance. In the last
America’s Weight-Loss Drug Boom Is Going Global
The weight-loss drug boom that began as a U.S. phenomenon is rapidly becoming a global growth story. Investors have spent much of the past year obsessing over American prescriptions, especially the launch of GLP-1 pills that could broaden access to obesity treatments. But the bigger opportunity may be unfolding overseas, where demand for these medicines is accelerating. Novo Nordisk’s international obesity-drug sales rose 44% in the first quarter of 2026, compared with 9% gro
Stock Indexes Are Contorting Themselves to Include SpaceX and OpenAI
A quiet but profound shift is underway in global financial markets. The rules that govern how stock indexes are constructed—long considered rigid and methodical—are beginning to bend under pressure from a new class of companies that have remained private longer, grown larger than many public firms, and now stand on the brink of historic public offerings. At the center of this transformation are companies like SpaceX, OpenAI, and Anthropic. As these firms edge closer to potent
Why Almost Everyone Loses—Except a Few Sharks—on Prediction Markets
Prediction markets were supposed to democratize forecasting. Platforms like Polymarket and Kalshi promise something simple and seductive: the ability to bet on real-world outcomes, from elections and economic data to geopolitical events, and potentially profit from being right. But beneath that appealing surface lies a harsher reality. A recent analysis highlighted by The Wall Street Journal shows that most participants consistently lose money, while a small group of sophisti
GameStop’s $56 Billion Bid for eBay Could Redefine E-Commerce and Retail Investing
In one of the most unexpected and ambitious corporate moves of the decade, GameStop has reportedly made a $56 billion offer to acquire eBay, signaling a dramatic escalation in its transformation strategy under CEO Ryan Cohen. The proposed deal, which includes a mix of cash and stock valued at $125 per share, comes alongside the revelation that GameStop has already quietly accumulated a roughly 5% stake in eBay. At first glance, the move may seem improbable. GameStop, long ass
The Entrepreneurial Process Model: A Dynamic Framework for Opportunity Creation, Evaluation, and Venture Evolution
The entrepreneurial process model represents one of the most influential frameworks in entrepreneurship scholarship, offering a systematic explanation of how new ventures emerge, evolve, and, in some cases, fail. Rather than portraying entrepreneurship as a single act of innovation or risk-taking, the model conceptualizes it as an unfolding process shaped by opportunity perception, individual cognition, resource constraints, institutional contexts, and market dynamics. This p
6 min read
The Triple Bottom Line Model: Integrating Economic Performance, Social Equity, and Environmental Sustainability
The Triple Bottom Line model has become one of the most influential frameworks for rethinking the purpose and performance of organizations in the twenty-first century. Coined by John Elkington in the 1990s, the concept challenges the traditional primacy of financial profit by asserting that organizational success should be evaluated across three interdependent dimensions: economic viability, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship. This paper offers an analysis o
4 min read
The Venture Capital Model: Governance, Incentives, and Value Creation in High-Growth Entrepreneurship
The venture capital model occupies a central position in modern entrepreneurial finance, serving as a primary mechanism for funding high-growth, innovation-driven firms under conditions of extreme uncertainty. Unlike traditional bank financing or public equity markets, venture capital is uniquely designed to support ventures with limited operating history, intangible assets, and unproven business models. This paper presents a PhD-level examination of the venture capital model
4 min read
Opportunity Discovery vs Opportunity Creation: Competing Models and Complementary Logics in Entrepreneurship Theory
The question of how entrepreneurial opportunities emerge lies at the heart of entrepreneurship theory. Among the most influential and debated perspectives are the opportunity discovery and opportunity creation models, which offer contrasting explanations of where opportunities come from and how entrepreneurs engage with them. Rather than representing a purely academic dispute, this theoretical divide has profound implications for research design, entrepreneurial education, an
4 min read
Shell Turns Oil Market Chaos Into a Profit Engine as Traders Seize on War-Driven Volatility
Shell’s latest quarterly report sent a clear signal to investors: in the oil business, turmoil can be expensive, but it can also be highly profitable. The company said its first-quarter adjusted earnings rose to $6.92 billion, the highest in two years and above analyst expectations, as its trading and refining operations benefited from oil-market swings triggered by the Middle East conflict. Shell’s buybacks were trimmed to $3 billion from $3.5 billion, but the company raised
Shake Shack Swings to Loss Despite Revenue Growth as Rising Beef Costs and Investments Pressure Profits
Shake Shack delivered a mixed earnings report that highlighted both the strength and fragility of the modern restaurant industry. While the fast-casual burger chain posted higher first-quarter revenue and continued attracting customers to its restaurants, the company ultimately swung to a loss as rising costs overwhelmed those gains. The disappointing profit results underscore the increasingly difficult environment facing restaurant operators across the United States. Food in
Kraft Heinz CEO Warns Americans Are ‘Literally Running Out of Money’ as Company Pushes Value Amid Economic Strain
The Kraft Heinz Company is delivering a stark warning about the state of the American consumer, and the message coming from CEO Steve Cahillane is difficult to ignore. According to Cahillane, millions of consumers are financially exhausted by the end of each month, forcing one of the world’s largest food companies to rethink pricing, promotions, packaging, and long-term strategy. “Consumers are literally running out of money toward the end of the month,” Cahillane said while
Whirlpool’s Stock Plunges After Stark Warning on Higher Prices and Weak Consumer Demand
Shares of Whirlpool Corporation suffered a dramatic selloff after the appliance maker warned investors that higher prices are on the way and consumer demand for expensive household appliances is weakening faster than expected. The company’s stock plunged as much as 20% following the announcement, wiping out billions in market value and intensifying fears about the health of the American consumer. The steep decline came after Whirlpool slashed its earnings guidance roughly in
South Korea Inflation Climbs to 21-Month High as Oil Prices Continue to Rise
South Korea’s inflation rate accelerated sharply in April, reaching its highest level in nearly two years as rising oil prices and geopolitical instability placed increasing pressure on the country’s economy. Inflation climbed 2.6% compared with a year earlier, marking the fastest pace since July 2024 and highlighting how international conflicts are once again reshaping global economic conditions.
Malaysia Central Bank Holds Interest Rates Steady as Middle East Conflict Clouds Economic Outlook
Bank Negara Malaysia, the nation’s central bank, acknowledged that the evolving situation in the Middle East presents significant uncertainty for the global economy. Officials emphasized that the ultimate economic impact will depend heavily on how the conflict develops in the coming weeks and months. The cautious language underscores mounting concerns among policymakers worldwide as geopolitical tensions continue influencing financial markets, commodity prices, and opportunit
U.S. Jobless Claims Rise Slightly as Labor Market Shows Resilience Amid Iran War Uncertainty
The latest U.S. unemployment data delivered a mixed but surprisingly resilient picture of the American labor market. Initial jobless claims rose modestly last week, signaling that economic uncertainty continues to weigh on businesses and consumers alike. However, the increase remained relatively small, and layoffs across the broader economy continue to hover near historically low levels despite growing concerns surrounding the war in Iran and its ripple effects across global
Bank of Mexico Ends Easing Cycle With Interest-Rate Cut as Economic Pressures Mount
The primary reason behind Banxico’s latest rate cut is the gradual cooling of inflation throughout Mexico’s economy. Inflation surged globally in recent years due to supply-chain disruptions, labor shortages, energy-price spikes, and geopolitical instability. Mexico was not immune to these pressures, forcing Banxico to maintain elevated interest rates for an extended period to keep consumer prices under control.
Issues in Venture Capital
This literature review highlights venture capital and how changes in global technology have resulted in an increase in investments and how venture funding leans toward more established businesses. This can leave early-stage businesses under-served. Alternatively, there are other ways to obtain financing such as crowdfunding, angel investment, and government grants. This paper synthesizes prior research on crowdfunding models, highlighting their capacity to democratize access
Financing Sources for Venture Capital: How Startups Secure Financing
For entrepreneurs, having the ability to access funding is an essential step towards launching and developing their business ideas. Due to the various funding challenges that entrepreneurs can face, there have been multiple funding programs created in order to help businesses thrive and encourage a healthy economy. This literature provides a review of venture capital, small business grants, commercial loans, private lending, and funding programs for micro-entrepreneurs. There
Discovery and Creation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Understanding How New Ventures Begin
Entrepreneurship begins with opportunity. Whether launching a startup, introducing a new product, or reshaping an existing industry, entrepreneurial action is fundamentally driven by the perception that something valuable can be created. Yet one of the most enduring and intellectually stimulating debates in entrepreneurship research revolves around a deceptively simple question: Are opportunities discovered, or are they created? This question is far more than an academic curi
The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research: Why It Matters More Than Ever
Entrepreneurship has long been associated with bold founders, disruptive startups, and stories of extraordinary success. Yet behind these narratives lies a deeper and increasingly influential academic discipline. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical focus for entrepreneurs, driving the development of AI-based startups to address challenges in various sectors. Despite increased innovation from data availability and supportive digitization legislation, some in
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